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Now, for the first time, a collection featuring 17 widely respected
scholars depicts the everyday practices of deaf interpreters in
their respective nations. "Deaf Interpreters at Work: International
Insights" presents the history of Deaf translators and interpreters
and details the development of testing and accreditation to raise
their professional profiles. Other chapters delineate the cognitive
processes of Deaf interpreting; Deaf-Deaf interpreter teams; Deaf
and hearing team preparation; the use of Tactile American Sign
Language by those interpreting for the Deaf-Blind community; and
conference interpreting and interpreting teams.
Along with volume coeditors Robert Adam, Christopher Stone, and
Steven D. Collins, contributors include Markus Aro, Karen Bontempo,
Juan Carlos Druetta, Senan Dunne, Eileen Forestal, Della Goswell,
Juli af Klintberg, Patricia Levitzke-Gray, Jemina Napier, Brenda
Nicodemus, Debra Russell, Stephanie Sforza, Marty Taylor, and Linda
Warby. The scope of their research spans the world, including many
unique facets of interpreting by deaf people in Argentina,
Australia, Canada, England, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, and the
United States, establishing this work as the standard in this
burgeoning discipline.
The second volume in the Studies in Interpretation series delves
further into the intricacies of sign language interpreting in five
distinctive chapters. In the first chapter, Lawrence Forestal
investigates the shifting attitudes of Deaf leaders toward sign
language interpreters. Forestal notes how older leaders think of
interpreters as their friends in exchanges, whereas Deaf
individuals who attended mainstream schools possessed different
feelings about interpreting. Frank J. Harrington observes in his
chapter on British Sign Language-English interpreters in higher
education observes that they cannot be viewed in isolation since
all participants and the environment have a real impact on the way
events unfold. In Chapter Three, Maree Madden explores the
prevalence of chronic occupational physical injury among Australian
Sign Language interpreters due to the stress created by constant
demand and the lack of recognition of their professional rights.
Susan M. Mather assesses and identifies regulators used by teachers
and interpreters in mainstreaming classrooms. Her study supports
other findings of the success of ethnographic methods in providing
insights into human interaction and intercultural communication
within the mainstreaming setting. The fifth chapter views how
interpreters convey innuendo, a complicated undertaking at best.
Author Shaun Tray conducts a thorough examination of innuendo in
American Sign Language, then points the way toward future research
based upon ethnography, gender, and other key factors.
"All sociocultural groups offer possible solutions to the dilemma
that a deaf child presents to the larger group, " write Claire
Ramsey and Jose Antonio Noriega in their essay, "Ninos
Milagrizados: Language Attitudes, Deaf Education, and Miracle Cures
in Mexico." In this case, Ramsey and Noriega analyze cultural
attempts to "unify" deaf children with the rest of the community.
Other contributors report similar phenomena in deaf communities in
New Zealand, Nicaragua, and Spain, paying particular attention to
how society's view of deaf people affects how deaf people view
themselves.
As with all professional interpreters, sign language interpreters
strive to achieve the proper protocol of complete objectivity and
accuracy in their translation without influencing the interaction
in any way. Yet, Melanie Metzger's significant work Sign Language
Interpreting: Deconstructing the Myth of Neutrality demonstrates
clearly that the ideal of an interpreter as a neutral language
conduit does not exist. Metzger offers evidence of this disparity
by analyzing two videotaped ASL-English interpreted medical
interviews, one an interpreter-trainee mock interview session, and
the other an actual encounter between a deaf client and a medical
professional. Sign Language Interpreting relies upon an
interactional sociolinguistic approach to ask fundamental questions
regarding interpreter neutrality. First, do interpreters influence
discourse, and if so, how? Also, what kind of expectations do the
participants bring to the event, and what do the interpreters bring
to discussions? Finally, how do their remarks affect their
alignment with participants in the interaction? Using careful
assessments of how these interviews were framed, and also
re-interviewing the participants for their perspectives, this
penetrating book discloses the ways in which interpreters influence
these situations. It also addresses the potential implications of
these findings regarding sign language interpretation in medical,
educational, and all other general interactions. Interpreter
trainers and their students will join certified interpreters and
Deaf studies scholars in applauding and benefiting from the fresh
ground broken by this provocative study.
"The Third Volume in the Studies in Interpretation Series"
This new volume focuses on scholarship over a refined spectrum of
issues that confront interpreters internationally. Editors Melanie
Metzger and Earl Fleetwood call upon researchers from the United
States, Ireland, Australia, and the Philippines to share their
findings in six chapters.
In the first chapter, Roberto R. Santiago and Lisa A. Frey Barrick
reveal how interpreters deal with translating source language
idioms into American Sign Language (ASL). In Chapter 2, Lorraine
Neeson and Susan Foley-Cave review the particular demands for
decision-making that face interpreters on several levels in a class
on semantics and pragmatics. Liza B. Martinez explains in Chapter 3
the complicated, multilingual process of code switching by Filipino
interpreters when voice-interpreting Filipino Sign Language.
Chapter 4 offers a deconstruction by Daniel Roush of the
stereotype that Deaf ASL-users are direct or blunt, based on his
analysis of two speech/social activities of requests and refusals.
Jemina Napier investigates interpreting from the perspective of
deaf consumers in Australia in Chapter 5 to explore their agenda
for quality interpreting services. In the final chapter, Amy Frasu
evaluates methods for incorporating visual aids into
interpretations from spoken English to American Sign Language and
the potential cognitive dissonance for deaf persons that could
result.
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